Exploring the Relationship Between Psychological Maturity and Leadership Personality Traits – A Discourse Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2024/v17i5/173482Keywords:
psychological maturity
, personality traits, leadership, discourse analysis, socializationJEL Classification Codes
, I23, L26, M12Paper Submission Date
, August 15, 2023, Paper sent back for Revision, March 26, 2024, Paper Acceptance Date, April 25, Paper Published Online, May 15, 2024Abstract
Purpose : The study here used discourse analysis (DA), a qualitative approach addressed by psychological researchers, to understand and interpret the meaning associated with psychological maturity and leadership personality traits and to explore the relationship between them.
Methodology : DA has the capability of innovatively addressing global psychology issues like maturity and personality. The data were collected from research journals on psychology and human resource management published by eminent psychological researchers to ensure the content validity of the study.
Key Findings : Three levels of psychological maturity (PM) during adulthood and pertaining to leaders were found to be : socialization, self-authorization, and self-transformation. The transformation from employee to leadership role induced responsibility and emotional stability in an individual. Personality traits like extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, neuroticism, and agreeableness vary from males to females in a leadership role.
Practical Implications : In today’s volatile world of uncertainties, complexities, and ambiguities (VUCA), multifarious occupational perceptions evolved into leadership maturity. A leader must exhibit calmness and tackle negative feelings causing stress effectively to build emotional stability. Over time, such changes in leadership traits impacted the levels of psychological maturity.
Originality : The mediators identified in the study were conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience, which stimulated the strength of association between psychological maturity and leadership personality traits.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
References
Abulkhanova-Slavskaya, K. A. (1999). Psychology and personality consciousness. Modek.
Andrade, M. S. (2023). Personality and leadership: How gender impacts perceptions of effectiveness. Strategic HR Review, 22(1), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/SHR-09-2022-0052
Bantha, T., Panda, T. K., & Sahni, S. P. (2021). Growing from the inside out: An exploratory investigation into the construct – spirituality. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 14(4), 8–21. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i4/158722
Bass, B. M., & Bass, R. (2008). The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications (4th ed.). Simon and Schuster.
Bauger, L., Bongaardt, R., & Bauer, J. J. (2021). Maturity and well-being: The development of self-authorship, eudaimonic motives, age, and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(3), 1313–1340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00274-0
Berger, J. G. (2005). Living postmodernism: The complex balance of worldview and developmental capacity. ReVision, 27(4), 20–27. https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A184286798/AONE?u=anon~34b09b2c&sid=googleScholar& xid=5c7e1930
Cotter, C. (2018). Discourse and media. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Dababneh, A. N., Arabyat, R., Suifan, T., & Wahbeh, N. (2022). The mediating effect of transformational leadership on the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction in the educational sector in Jordan. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(2), 229–251. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.1885553
Dermanova, I. B., & Manukyan, V. R. (2010). Personality maturity: To description of psychological phenomenon. Saint Petersburg University Bulletin, 4(12), 68–73.
Deshpande, P., Srivastava, A., Kulkarni, M., & Lenka, R. (2024). Impact of green transformational leadership on employee green behavior: A PLS-SEM approach. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 17(2), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2024/v17i2/173139
Donnellan, M. B., Hill, P. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2015). Personality development across the life span: Current findings and future directions. In M. Mikulincer, P. R. Shaver, M. L. Cooper, & R. J. Larsen (eds.), APA handbook of personality and social psychology: Personality processes and individual differences (Vol. 4, pp. 107–126). American Psychological Association.
Erikson, E. H. (1997). The life cycle completed. Extended version with new chapters on the ninth stage of development. W. W. Norton & Company.
Fetzer, A. (2018). 16 discourse analysis. In A. H. Jucker, K. P. Schneider, & W. Bublitz (eds.), Methods in pragmatics (pp. 395–423). De Gruyter Mouton.
Fleishman, E. A., Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Levin, K. Y., Korotkin, A. L., & Hein, M. B. (1991). Taxonomic efforts in the description of leader behavior: A synthesis and functional interpretation. The Leadership Quarterly, 2(4), 245–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048- 9843(91)90016-U
Floyd, S. W., & Wooldridge, B. (1992). Middle management involvement in strategy and its association with strategic type: A research note. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S1), 153–167. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250131012
Fossas, A. (2019). Psychological maturity predicts different forms of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(6), 1933–1952, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0033-9
Gee, J. P. (2014). An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method (4th ed.). Routledge.
Goldberg, L. R. (1990). An alternative “description of personalityâ€: The big-five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1216–1229. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach (1st ed.). Guilford Press.
Helsing, D., & Howell, A. (2014). Understanding leadership from the inside out: Assessing leadership potential using constructive-developmental theory. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(2), 186–204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492613500717
Hogan, R., Curphy, G. J., & Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist, 49(6), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003- 066X.49.6.493
Huszczo, G., & Endres, M. L. (2017). Gender differences in the importance of personality traits in predicting leadership self-efficacy. International Journal of Training and Development, 21(4), 304–317. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12113
Johnson, J. A. (1997). Units of analysis for the description and explanation of personality. In R. Hogan, J. A. Johnson, & S. R. Briggs (eds.), Handbook of personality psychology (pp. 73–93). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012134645-4/50004-4
Jones, R. H. (2018). Discourse and health communication. In D. Tannen, H. E. Hamilton, & D. Schiffrin (eds.), The handbook of discourse analysis (2nd ed.). Wiley.
Jones, R. H. (2019). Discourse analysis: A resource book for students (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Judge, T., Robbins, S. P., & Campbell, T. (2017). Organizational behavior. Pearson.
Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self. Harvard University Press.
Kegan, R. (1994). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life. Harvard University Press.
Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. L. (2009). Immunity to change: How to overcome it and unlock potential in yourself and your organization. Harvard Business Press.
Kegan, R., & Lahey, L. L. (2010). From subject to object: A constructive-developmental approach to reflective practice. In N. Lyons (ed.), Handbook of reflection and reflective inquiry (pp. 433–449). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-85744-2_22
Khatri, P., Kaushik, N., & Kumari, P. (2022). Positive leadership: Qualitative leadership research using deductive pattern matching approach. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(4), 8–27. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i4/169247
Kohlberg, L. (1969). Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization. In D. A. Goslin (ed.), Handbook of socialization theory and research. Rand McNally.
Lee, Y. (2022). Personality traits and organizational leaders' communication practices in the United States: Perspectives of leaders and followers. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 27(3), 595–615. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-10-2021-0118
Leontiev, D. A. (2011). Personality potential as a potential of self-regulation. In D. A. Leontiev (ed.), Personality potential: Structure and evaluation (pp. 107–131). Smysl.
Li, W.-D., Li, S., Feng, J., Wang, M., Zhang, H., Frese, M., & Wu, C.-H. (2021). Can becoming a leader change your personality? An investigation with two longitudinal studies from a rolebased perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(6), 882–901. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000808
Loevinger, J., & Blasi, A. (1976). Ego development: Conceptions and theories. Jossey-Bass.
Magolda, M. B. (2008). Three elements of self-authorship. Journal of College Student Development, 49(4), 269–284. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.0.0016
Manukyan, V. R., Golovey, L. A., & Strizhitskaya, O. (2015). Formation of personality psychological maturity and adulthood crises. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art, 8(2), 99–112. https://psychologyinrussia.com/volumes/?article=3710
Maslow, A. H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being (2nd ed.). Van Nostrand Company.
Maslow, A. H. (1970). Motivation and personality (2nd ed.). Harper & Bros.
McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 6494.1992.tb00970.x
Meskelis, S., & Whittington, J. L. (2020). Driving employee engagement: How personality trait and leadership style impact the process. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 35(10), 1457–1473. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-11-2019-0477
Mintzberg, H. (1971). Managerial work: Analysis from observation. Management Science, 18(2), B97–B110. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.18.2.B97
Mishra, N., Rajkumar, M., & Mishra, R. (2022). Emotional intelligence as a moderator between micromanagement leadership and employee performance. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(10), 63–70. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i10/172409
Oentoro, W., Popaitoon, P., & Kongchan, A. (2016). Perceived supervisory support and service recovery performance: The moderating role of personality traits. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 8(3), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-11-2015-0094
Pai, A. A., Pazhoothundathil, N., Ashok, L., Mohammed, C. J., & Sekaran, V. C. (2023). IT leaders' experiences of resilience during the pandemic: An appreciative inquiry. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 16(4), 46–60. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2023/v16i4/172787
Prabhu, N., & Koodamara, N. K. (2022). Exploring shared leadership: Mediating roles of spirit at work and team trust. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 15(2), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2022/v15i2/168333
Ranade, S., Brown, J. B., Freeman, T., & Thind, A. (2023). Enacting care by being experts and managing relationships: A discourse analysis of chief medical officer of health media briefings during the COVID-19 pandemic. SSM - Qualitative Research in Health, 3, 100208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmqr.2022.100208
Reitzig, M., & Maciejovsky, B. (2015). Corporate hierarchy and vertical information flow inside the firm—A behavioral view. Strategic Management Journal, 36(13), 1979–1999. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2334
Rogers, C. R. (1961). On becoming a person. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Sen, S., & Banerjee, S. (2022). How sport-for-development initiatives influence quality of life in post pandemic era? Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies, 20(4), 9535–9548, https://www.xiss.ac.in/JJDMS/archives
Sergienko, E. A. (2007). Maturity: molar or module approach? In A. L. Zhuravlev & E. A. Sergienko (eds.), Phenomenon and category of maturity in psychology (pp. 13–28). Institute of Psychology of RAS.
Singh, A., Parandhaman, B., & Saini, D. (2021). The leadership gender gap in HEI spaces - A conceptual framework. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 14(8), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2021/v14i8/165677
Singh, P., Upadhyay, R. K., & Srivastava, M. (2019). Mediating role of locus of control in the relationship between emotional intelligence and employee acceptance to change. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 12(9), 7–22. https://doi.org/10.17010/pijom/2019/v12i9/147126
Staudinger, U. M., Dörner, J., & Mickler, C. (2005). Wisdom and personality. In R. Sternberg & J. Jordan (eds.), A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives (pp. 191–219). Cambridge University Press.
Stead, G. B., & Young, R. A. (2007). Qualitative research methods for a global psychology. In M. J. Stevens & U. P. Gielen (eds.), Toward a global psychology: Theory, research, intervention, and pedagogy (pp. 207–232). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Sumadi, M. A., Sial, M. S., Gandolfi, F., & Comite, U. (2024). Impact of big 5 personality & intelligence on transformational leadership process and managerial performance: A case of the Middle East gulf. Brazilian Business Review, 21(2), e20221349. https://doi.org/10.15728/bbr.2022.1349.pt
Traynor, M. (2006). Discourse analysis: Theoretical and historical overview and review of papers in the Journal of Advanced Nursing 1996–2004. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03791.x
Yukl, G. (2012). Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention. Academy of Management Perspectives, 26(4), 66–85. https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2012.0088
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in organizations (8th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall.
Zopiatis, A., & Constanti, P. (2012). Extraversion, openness and conscientiousness: The route to transformational leadership in the hotel industry. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 33(1), 86–104. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437731211193133
